Feeney's fellow title combatants Jayden Ojeda and Zak Best were ninth and 13th respectively.
The first Dunlop Series session in over four months began the way the last ended, with Feeney towards the pointy end.
The points leader fired his #888 Triple Eight entry to the top with 1:21.992s on his very first flying lap.
Payne, who took to his #10 Grove Motorsport Nissan Altima alongside his Super2 contemporaries on Thursday, set his flyer midway through the session.
Payne and Feeney were the only drivers to clock a lap time in the 1:31s bracket, with D'Alberto third on a 1:32.265s.
Matt Chahda, Tyler Everingham, Jon McCorkindale, Declan Fraser, Matt McLean, Ojeda and Angelo Mouzouris rounded out the top 10.
Cars will return to the track for Practice 2 at 6:40pm AEDT.
There will be a qualifying session at 2:50pm on Saturday before the first of two 18-lap races at 6:00pm.
The 2021 Repco Supercars Championship and Dunlop Series seasons will resume this weekend at the Beaurepaires Sydney SuperNight. Click here to view the race schedule.
Every session of the event will be broadcast live on Foxtel (Fox Sports 506) and streamed on Kayo.